Oghuz
Characteristics
- Change of Old Turkic *d to /y/, e.g. Salar ayak 'foot', Azerbaijani böyük 'big'.
- Preservation of word-final */G/ after low vowels, e.g. Turkmen dag 'mountain'.
- Loss of word-final */G/ after high vowels, e.g. Turkish sarï 'yellow', Salar ulli 'big'.
- Various other phonological, morphological, and lexical features.
Notes
- Oghuz classification is based on the tables in Doerfer and Hesche (1989, 1993), which is based on predicate suffixes, as shown in this table:
1sg 1pl 2sg 2pl 1. West Oghuz Turkish -Im -Iz -sIn -sInIz 1.1 SW Turkish (e.g. Izmir) -Im -Iz -(s)Iŋ -(s)IŋIz 1.2 Central Anatolia -Im -IK -(s)Iŋ, -sIn -(s)IŋIz, sInIz 1.3 Eastern Anatolia -Am -IK -sAn -sIz, -sIŋIz
Tree
Oghuz- †Pecheneg
- Salar, and its western variety Ili Salar
- West Oghuz
- †Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish, including many dialects and closely related varieties such as:
- Meskhetian Turkish/Georgian Urum
- Cypriot Turkish
- Syrian Turkmen
- Gagauz
- Coastal Crimean Tatar
- Central Oghuz
- Azerbaijani (in Azerbaijan)
- Iranian Azeri
- Sonqori
- Iraqi Turcoman
- Southeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Southern Oghuz
- Northern Oghuz
- Turkmen, with its Stavropol variety:
- Trukhmen
- Turkmen, with its Stavropol variety:
- Eastern Oghuz
- Northern Khorasani Turkish
- Northeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Oghuz Uzbek
References
Doerfer, Gerhard, and Wolfram Hesche. 1989. Südoghusische Materialen aus Afghanistan und Iran. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Dwyer, Arienne. 1998. “The Turkic strata of Salar: an Oghuz in Chagatay clothes?” Turkic Languages 2: 49-83.