Family Tree
Turkic
- †Avar? (poorly attested)
- Bolgar
- †Hunnic? (only known from names and titles)
- †Bolgar, with two varieties:
- Danube Bolgar
- Volga Bolgar
- Chuvash, with two main sub-varieties:
- Anatri (basis of the literary standard)
- Viryal
- Common Turkic
- †Orkhon Turkic
- †Karakhanid
- †Old Uyghur
- Siberian Turkic?
- Lena Turkic
- Sayan Turkic
- Taiga
- Steppe
- Standard Tuvan (Tï̀va)
- Tuha
- Altay Tuvan
- Tsengel Tuvan
- Jungar Tuvan (Dïba)
- Yenissei Turkic
- †Yenisei Kirghiz
- Khakas, with several divergent dialects:
- Kachin
- Sagay
- Kyzyl
- Shor
- The varieties of the Middle Chulym-Mrass-Upper Tom area:
- Fu-yü Gïrgïs
- Western Yugur
- Khalaj
- Central Turkic
- Northern Altay
- The varieties of the Lower Chulym-Kondoma-Lower Tom area:
- Lower Chulym
- Kondoma, a so-called dialect of Shor
- Northern Altay Proper:
- Oghuz
- †Pecheneg
- Salar, and its western variety Ili Salar
- West Oghuz
- †Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish, including many dialects and closely related varieties such as:
- Meskhetian Turkish/Georgian Urum
- Cypriot Turkish
- Syrian Turkmen
- Gagauz
- Coastal Crimean Tatar
- Central Oghuz
- Azerbaijani (in Azerbaijan)
- Iranian Azeri
- Sonqori
- Southeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Southern Oghuz
- Northern Oghuz
- Turkmen, with its Stavropol variety:
- Trukhmen
- Eastern Oghuz
- Northern Khorasani Turkish
- Northeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Oghuz Uzbek
- Kipchak-Turki?
- Turki
- †Khorezmian
- †Chagatay
- Uzbek, with several diverse dialects, including:
- Uyghur, with several diverse dialects, including:
- Kalpin Uyghur
- Lopnor Uyghur
- Äynu, a mixed language with Persian vocabulary and Uyghur grammar.
- Ili Turki
- Kipchak-Kyrgyz
- Kyrgyz-Altay
- Kyrgyz
- Southern Altay
- Altay
- Mayma kizhi (a distinctive sub-variety of Altay)
- Telengit, with two main dialects:
- Telengit Tölös
- Chuy Kizhi
- Teleut
- Tuba Kizhi, transitional to the Northern Altay group
- Kipchak
- Western Kipchak
- †Cuman
- †Armeno-Kipchak
- †Mamluk
- Far Western Kipchak
- Western varieties of Karaim:
- Crimean and Azovian Turkic, with heavy Oghuz admixture:
- Crimean Tatar (Kipchak varieties), with two sub-varieties:
- Orta Crimean Tatar, with heavier Oghuz admixture
- Steppe Crimean Tatar, with less Oghuz admixture
- Crimean Karaim
- Krymchak
- Azovian Urum
- Volga-Ural-Caucasus
- Nogay-Central
- Nogay
- Karagash-Nogay
- Yurt Tatar
- Alabugat Tatar
- Central Kipchak
- Siberian Tatar
- †Avar? (poorly attested)
- Bolgar
- †Hunnic? (only known from names and titles)
- †Bolgar, with two varieties:
- Danube Bolgar
- Volga Bolgar
- Chuvash, with two main sub-varieties:
- Anatri (basis of the literary standard)
- Viryal
- Common Turkic
- †Orkhon Turkic
- †Karakhanid
- †Old Uyghur
- Siberian Turkic?
- Lena Turkic
- Sayan Turkic
- Taiga
- Steppe
- Standard Tuvan (Tï̀va)
- Tuha
- Altay Tuvan
- Tsengel Tuvan
- Jungar Tuvan (Dïba)
- Yenissei Turkic
- †Yenisei Kirghiz
- Khakas, with several divergent dialects:
- Kachin
- Sagay
- Kyzyl
- Shor
- The varieties of the Middle Chulym-Mrass-Upper Tom area:
- Fu-yü Gïrgïs
- Western Yugur
- Khalaj
- Central Turkic
- Northern Altay
- The varieties of the Lower Chulym-Kondoma-Lower Tom area:
- Lower Chulym
- Kondoma, a so-called dialect of Shor
- Northern Altay Proper:
- The varieties of the Lower Chulym-Kondoma-Lower Tom area:
- Oghuz
- †Pecheneg
- Salar, and its western variety Ili Salar
- West Oghuz
- †Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish, including many dialects and closely related varieties such as:
- Meskhetian Turkish/Georgian Urum
- Cypriot Turkish
- Syrian Turkmen
- Gagauz
- Coastal Crimean Tatar
- Central Oghuz
- Azerbaijani (in Azerbaijan)
- Iranian Azeri
- Sonqori
- Southeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Southern Oghuz
- Northern Oghuz
- Turkmen, with its Stavropol variety:
- Trukhmen
- Turkmen, with its Stavropol variety:
- Eastern Oghuz
- Northern Khorasani Turkish
- Northeastern Khorasani Turkish
- Oghuz Uzbek
- Kipchak-Turki?
- Turki
- †Khorezmian
- †Chagatay
- Uzbek, with several diverse dialects, including:
- Uyghur, with several diverse dialects, including:
- Kalpin Uyghur
- Lopnor Uyghur
- Äynu, a mixed language with Persian vocabulary and Uyghur grammar.
- Ili Turki
- Kipchak-Kyrgyz
- Kyrgyz-Altay
- Kyrgyz
- Southern Altay
- Altay
- Mayma kizhi (a distinctive sub-variety of Altay)
- Telengit, with two main dialects:
- Telengit Tölös
- Chuy Kizhi
- Teleut
- Tuba Kizhi, transitional to the Northern Altay group
- Altay
- Kipchak
- Western Kipchak
- †Cuman
- †Armeno-Kipchak
- †Mamluk
- Far Western Kipchak
- Western varieties of Karaim:
- Crimean and Azovian Turkic, with heavy Oghuz admixture:
- Crimean Tatar (Kipchak varieties), with two sub-varieties:
- Orta Crimean Tatar, with heavier Oghuz admixture
- Steppe Crimean Tatar, with less Oghuz admixture
- Crimean Karaim
- Krymchak
- Azovian Urum
- Crimean Tatar (Kipchak varieties), with two sub-varieties:
- Volga-Ural-Caucasus
- Nogay-Central
- Nogay
- Karagash-Nogay
- Yurt Tatar
- Alabugat Tatar
- Central Kipchak
- Siberian Tatar
- Western Kipchak
- Kyrgyz-Altay
- Turki
- Northern Altay